Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients operated on aortic and mitral valve replacement
Keywords:
risk factors; postoperative complications; heart valve prosthesis implantation; aortic valve disease; cardiology; comorbidityAbstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and heart valve disorders have a significant impact on cardiac surgery. Currently, degenerative etiology shows a marked incidence. Objective: To characterize patients undergoing aortic and mitral valve replacement surgery. Methods: An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted in patients undergoing mitral and aortic valve replacement surgery between January 2018 and January 2022 at the Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital. The study sample consisted of 93 patients. The variables studied were: age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, glomerular filtration rate, etiology, surgical time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and complications. Results: The mean age was 60.6 ± 10.4 years, with a predominance of females (50.5 %). A decreased glomerular filtration rate before the surgical procedure was observed in 60.2 % of patients; 66.7 % of patients were diagnosed with aortic stenosis, and degenerative etiology was predominant at 59.1 % (p=0.00), especially in aortic valve disease. Hypertension was found in 68.8 % as an atherogenic risk factor. The mean surgical time was 4.6 ± 0.9 hours. Complications occurred in 83.9 %. Conclusions: Conclusions: Patients undergoing aortic and mitral valve replacement are older adults, predominantly female, with a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. Degenerative etiology predominates, particularly in the aortic valve.
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Copyright (c) 1970 Yuliet González Nieves, Lodixi Cobas Planchez, Luis Reinaldo Suárez Fleitas, Gleidys Dunia Solano González
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