Characterization of the risk factors of cesarean postpartum women with surgical complications

Abstract

Introduction:

Caesarean section constitutes an important advance in contemporary perinatal medicine. The complications associated to it are more frequent in underdeveloped countries.

Objective:

To identify risk factors in postpartum women with complicated cesarean section.

Methods:

A descriptive and retrospective study on cesarean postpartum women treated at the ¨Aleida Fernández Chardie¨ and ¨Piti Fajardo¨ hospitals, from January 2012 to December 2016 was carried out. The universe was of 36 puerperal women with complicated cesarean section and the sample was of 29. The variables studied were: age, antepartum risk factors; unfavorable conditions for childbirth, predisposing factors during childbirth and type of cesarean section. Absolute frequency and percentage distribution were used.

Results:

Caesarean section with surgical complications stood out between 15- and 20-years women, with antepartum risk factors of preeclampsia 37.9%, cervicovaginal infection 20.7% and anemia during pregnancy 13.8%. With unfavorable conditions for childbirth, gestational age less than 36 weeks 34.5% and fetal weight outside the normal range 20.7%, with prolonged labor 17.2%. Early cesarean section predominated in 69% and emergency in 100%. Conclusions: The risk factors for postpartum cesarean women with surgical complications are: age between 15 and 20 years, antepartum risk factors for preeclampsia, cervicovaginal infection and anemia during pregnancy. With unfavorable conditions for childbirth, gestational age less than 36 weeks, fetal weight outside the normal range, prolonged labor and emergency cesarean section.